One common equalizer approach used in receive circuits is\u00a0a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE).<\/span><\/p>\n Though the circuit implementation can be\u00a0quite detailed, the algorithmic point-of-view defines a CTLE using s-domain\u00a0poles and zeros.<\/span><\/p>\n The s-domain transfer function, H(s),\u00a0for a CTLE with n zeros and m poles is defined as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n where s = j*w; C is a scaling factor; PI\u00a0is the mathematical product operator; all poles and zeros are in radians\/sec, i= 1,…,n; j=1,…,m.<\/span><\/p>\n The gain at 0 Hz, G0, is:<\/span><\/p>\n For\u00a0simulation, the <\/span>Bilinear Transform is used to convert the\u00a0S-domain transfer function H(s) to its Z-domain IIR transfer function\u00a0H(z).\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0Bilinear transformation will See\u00a0CTLE detail (listed as Rx CTLE) in References > <\/span>Equalization Introduction<\/a>\u00a0<\/span> and <\/span>RX FIR & CTLE Equalization <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Follow\u00a0the steps to define the CTLE, setup the CTLE analysis, run the analysis, and\u00a0display the CTLE analysis results.\u00a0Observe the CTLE frequency domain characteristic and its time domain\u00a0impulse response.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A SerDes system for high speed digital data typically requires\u00a0equalization to counter act the high loss in the channel that closes the data\u00a0eye pattern at the receiver side.\u00a0 This\u00a0equalization is often applied at the transmit and receive side of the channel.\u00a0 One common equalizer approach used in receive circuits is\u00a0a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-304","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=304"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":903,"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304\/revisions\/903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"CTLE_SDomain_transfer_function\"](\"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/CTLE_SDomain_transfer_function.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"CTLE_Gain_at_0Hz\"](\"https:\/\/www.serdesdesign.com\/home\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/CTLE_Gain_at_0Hz.png\")
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\nresult in a Z-domain transfer function that is\u00a0not a linear<\/b>\u00a0mapping\u00a0of the S-domain pole-zero system.\u00a0Therefore, the specified poles and zeros are pre-warped before applying\u00a0the Bilinear Transform. With pre-warping, the resulting digital filters will\u00a0meet the desired specification at the critical frequencies.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>H(s) is defined in the frequency domain and its time\u00a0domain impulse response is derived.<\/span><\/p>\n